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Поволжская археология

A Wild Boar Tusk in a Metal Mount from the Troitsky XVI Excavation Area in Veliky Novgorod: a comprehensive study

Tyanina E.A., Lebedeva O.S., Singh V.K., Eniosova N.V., Abdrashitova I.V., Statkus M.A. (Moscow, Russian Federation)


page 166–184

UDC 904; 903.26; 59.001; 54.06

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24852/pa2026.2.56.166.184


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This article deals with the discovery of a wild boar tusk amulet in an ornamented non-ferrous mount, unearthed at the Troitsky XVI excavation area in Veliky Novgorod in a layer dating to the second half of the XII – early XIII centuries. The find belongs to the category of animal tooth and bone amulets; however, such an amulet in a mount is recorded for the first time. The comprehensive study included the osteological analysis of the tusk, analysis of the chemical composition of the mount metal and its manufacturing techniques, as well as an examination of the topography, chronology and semantics of the amulet. As a result, it was established that the tusk was taken from a wild boar over eight years old and weighed more than 100 kg, which had been a hunting trophy. The mount, made of a tin-lead alloy imitating silver, was cast from an impression of the sharp part of the tusk, with the engraving applied to the finished piece. Unlike in earlier periods, during the second half of the XI to the first half of the XIII centuries, boar tusk amulets are rarely encountered and the original semantics of the boar tusk–possibly associated with Scandinavian mythology–were lost, although general concepts regarding the magical power of the animal's striking body part persisted. In the medieval period in Rus, wild boar hunting was the prerogative of the nobility and the druzhina (military retinue), as documented in written sources. It is highly probable that this mounted tusk functioned as a martial or hunting talisman. It symbolized the transfer of the beast's physical prowess to the hunter and served concurrently as a charm for good fortune.

Keywords

archaeologyVeliky NovgorodTroitsky excavation areaamuletsanimal tuskscomprehensive analysisX-ray methodarchaeozoologysemantics

About the author(s)

Tyanina Elena A. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskiye Gory, 1, build.12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; vyla@yandex.ru

Lebedeva Olga S. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskiye Gory, 1, build.12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; lebols@mail.ru

Singh Victor K. Candidate of Historical Sciences. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskiye Gory, 1, build.12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; arxeolog@gmail.com

Eniosova Natalya V. Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskiye Gory, 1, build.12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; eniosova@gmail.com

Abdrashitova Irina V. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskiye Gory, 1, build.12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; 1543irina@rambler.ru

Statkus Mikhail A. Doctor of Chemical Sciences, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Leninskiye Gory, 1, build.12, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation; statkusma@my.msu.ru