This article studies how the integration of the ancient Eastern civilizations of Mesopotamia, the Indus valley, and Elam with the northern steppe populations of the Andronovo culture infl uenced the Oxus civilization. This synthesis spurred innovations in transformational processes and the blending of traditions, most notably in architecture and construction materials. The study confi rms that the architectural traditions and innovations of the Ancient East are refl ected in the sites of the Oxus civilization. Key archaeological sites such as Altyn-tepe, Gonur, Sapalli-tepe, Dzharkutan, Dashli, and Arkaim are analyzed in detail. The article also presents information on the evolution of religious architecture within the Oxus civilization – considered the fi fth great civilization of the Ancient East. It examines sites from Ancient Bactria and Ancient Margiana, as well as Aryan settlements of the steppe herders. By comparing the composition of raw materials and the dimensions used in the construction of temples and altars, the authors off ers comprehensive conclusions about this civilization. Additionally, detailed information is given regarding the specifi c sizes of bricks employed in the tombs of Ancient Bactria and Margiana.