The author considers the issues of study and preservation of such important cultural heritage sites as archaeological monuments. A total of over 5 thousand monuments have been identified and examined in Tatarstan, and they represent a vast source of information on the history of people inhabiting the territory of the Middle Volga region. The author have determined the directions for preservation of the archaeological heritage for our descendants and their introduction into contemporary life. State historical and cultural expert review conducted in the area of earthworks during construction, restoration, reconstruction, oil and gas development activities have allowed to bring the preservation of archaeological heritage to a higher level. International principles for the cultural heritage preservation are being actively implemented.