The authors publish results of the digs on the multi-layer Kaen-Tube island site (Lower Kama Water Reservoir, Tatarstan Republic) in 2004. It has been established that the site was first inhabited in the first half of the IV Millennium BC by the bearers of the Kama Neolithic Culture. Later, in the second half of the IV Millennium BC, it was inhabited by the bearers of Russkiy Azibey type ceramics, who were replaced by bearers of Garino culture in the Eneolithic (second half of III – early II Millennia BC). The most remarkable Eneolithic find is a small flint figurine. The Late Bronze Age of this territory was marked by an episodic settlement of the Srubnaya and Lugovskaya cultures (15^th–14^th centuries BC). The most numerous group of ceramic finds is associated with Atabaevo stage of Maklasheevka culture (14^th/13^th – 12^th centuries BC). The finale of Kaen-Tube site has been related by the authors to the second phase of the Early Iron Age. The artefacts of Pyany Bor culture found on the washed out section of the stite date this stage to the 1^st–3^rd centuries AD.