The article offers a history of studies and problems of reconstruction of urban housing and household structures in Kazan during the Kazan Khanate. Architectural objects of the fifteenth – first half of the sixteenth century in Kazan did not survive and are known only from archaeological digs. A complex analysis of archaeological data obtained in Kazan through many years of digs on vast areas allow reconstructing not only the plan and topography of the city, but also the stages in its urban development. Written accounts also play an important role. In conclusion, the author suggests further studies into systematization of dwellings and household structures in the whole Kazan Khanate by involving the evidences from other sites of the same time.