The history of research of the Eneolithic Age archaeological resources in the Ik and Belaya rivers interfluve area is considered. Most attention is paid to source base formation, field investigation methods development, and modifications in the approaches to historical interpretation of the Eneolithic archaeological sources that are reflected in varied terminology. The basic concepts referring to the origin, formation and development of the Eneolithic archaeological cultures and cultural communities in the Ik and Belaya rivers interfluve area that were put forward in the second half of the 20th century by O.N. Bader, A.Kh. Khalikov, R.S. Gabyashev, L.A. Nagovitsyn, A.A. Vybornov and other researchers of the prehistoric period in the Kama region are analyzed in the article.